Why Are Museums Important? Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Cambridge Dictionary Online defined museums as places of analyze, buildings where objects of historical, scientific or artistic engage are kept, preserved and exhibited. To The Museums Association, a museum is an institution which collects documents, preserves, exhibits and interprets material evidence and associated information for the public benefit. Since 1998, this definition has changed. Museums now enable the public to explore battle arrays for inspiration, reading and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artefacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society. Mike Wallace (1996) categorised museums into four distinct types, namely National Museums that hold collection of national importance, Armed Service Museums, Independence Museums and Local Authority Museums. According to Wallace, the importance of museums lies in their role as a nations computer memory bank. Personally, what matters most about museums is that they ar e the only source of living history and perhaps an insight to the future world that lies before us. History should be displayed for study not only because it is essential to individuals and to society, but also because it harbours beauty.Museums provide an ideal learning environment, whether it is formal or informal learning, active hands-on participation or passive observation (Hein, G. E, 1998). In The British Museum, each of the museums curatorial departments offers student research facilities, for instance Ancient Near East, Egyptian Antiquities, Japanese Antiquities, Medieval and in advance(p) Europe and Prehistory and Early Europe. The Education Department even set aside Study days to allow more intensive exploration of the heathenish background to an exhibition or area of the collections and they usually include slide lectures and gallery talks. In addition, The Education Department provides a range of operate for teachers to service of process enhance students experience of the Museum and about the cultures represented in the Museums collections. The 2000/2001 brochure, listing events and resources for teachers and students, is promised to be available soon. Majority of the other museums also provide such educational services to the public. The National Museum of the Performing Arts has an Education Department that runs an annual programme of activities designed to support teachers in the deliv... ...ritish Columbia Museums Association <a href="http//www.museumsassn.bc.ca/">http//www.museumsassn.bc.ca/The British Museum <a href="http//www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/">http//www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/The Horniman Museum and Gardens <a href="http//www.horniman.demon.co.uk/">http//www.horniman.demon.co.uk/The London Dungeon <a href="http//www.thedungeons.com/en/dungeon.asp?gotof=top&lang=en">http//www.thedungeons.com/en/dungeon.asp?gotof=top&lang=enThe Museum of Culinary History and alimentation <a href="http//www.mocha.co.uk/">http//www.mocha.co.uk/The National History Museum <a href="http//www.nhm.ac.uk/">http//www.nhm.ac.uk/The National Museum of the Performing Arts <a href="http//theatremuseum.vam.ac.uk/">http//theatremuseum.vam.ac.uk/The National Science Museum <a href="http//www.nmsi.ac.uk/">http//www.nmsi.ac.uk/The Science Museum <a href="http//www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/">http//www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/Wilson, D.M. (1989). The British Museum intend and Politics. London British Museum Press.

The Effects of Global Warming on Wetlands :: Geology

The Effects of Global heating plant on WetlandsIntroductionWetlands ar highly productive ecosystems. Wetlands include marshes, estuaries, bogs, fens, swamps, deltas, shallow seas, and floodplains. Wetland habitats support a vast ordain of plant and animal life, and serve a variety of important functions, which include water regime regulation, flood control, erosion control, nursery aras for fishes, fish production, recreation, plant production, esthetic enjoyment, and wildlife habitat. Wetlands account for about 6% of the global land area and are among the most valuable environmental resources.The ProblemThe potential impacts of climate change on wetlands are of great concern. Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by human activities are generally expected to warm the Earth a few degrees (C) in the next century by a mechanism known as the greenhouse effect. Such warming could raise sea take aim by expanding ocean water, melting mountain glaciers, and eventually causing polar ice sheets to side into the oceans. Among the coastal areas of greatest risk in the United States are those low-lying coastal habitats that are easily eroded and which occur along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic coasts of the U.S. These coastal wetlands are especially susceptible to direct, large-scale impacts of climate change, primarily because of their sensitivity to sea- take aim rise.Observational records indicate that sea level has already risen between 10 and 25 cm globally over the past 100 years. In addition, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has projected a sea-level rise of 15-95 cm as a consequence of global warming. Sea-level rise will also increase the depth of coastal waters and increase inland and upstream common salt intrusion, both of which affect fresh and brackish water wetlands. Sea-level rise has the potential for increasing the severity of storm surges, particula rly in areas where coastal habitats and obstacle shorelines are rapidly deteriorating. These direct consequences of global- and regional-scale changes will increase the vulnerability of coastal wetlands which are already heavily impacted by human activities.Analysis of sites in five coastal states indicate that many marshes and mangrove ecosystems receive adequate mineral sediments to produce enough organic sediment and root material to die hard above sea level at the present rate of sea-level rise (1-2 mm per year globally). However, three of the twelve wetlands studied were not tutelage pace with the current rate of sea-level rise. If sea-level rise accelerates, some additional sites would also begin to slowly deteriorate and submerge.The Effects of Global Warming on Wetlands GeologyThe Effects of Global Warming on WetlandsIntroductionWetlands are highly productive ecosystems. Wetlands include marshes, estuaries, bogs, fens, swamps, deltas, shallow seas, and floodplains . Wetland habitats support a vast depart of plant and animal life, and serve a variety of important functions, which include water regime regulation, flood control, erosion control, nursery areas for fishes, fish production, recreation, plant production, aesthetical enjoyment, and wildlife habitat. Wetlands account for about 6% of the global land area and are among the most valuable environmental resources.The ProblemThe potential impacts of climate change on wetlands are of great concern. Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by human activities are generally expected to warm the Earth a few degrees (C) in the next century by a mechanism known as the greenhouse effect. Such warming could raise sea level by expanding ocean water, melting mountain glaciers, and eventually causing polar ice sheets to side into the oceans. Among the coastal areas of greatest risk in the United States are those low-lying coastal habitats that are easily eroded and which occur along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic coasts of the U.S. These coastal wetlands are especially vulnerable to direct, large-scale impacts of climate change, primarily because of their sensitivity to sea-level rise.Observational records indicate that sea level has already risen between 10 and 25 cm globally over the past 100 years. In addition, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has projected a sea-level rise of 15-95 cm as a consequence of global warming. Sea-level rise will also increase the depth of coastal waters and increase inland and upstream salinity intrusion, both of which affect fresh and brackish water wetlands. Sea-level rise has the potential for increasing the severity of storm surges, particularly in areas where coastal habitats and barrier shorelines are rapidly deteriorating. These direct consequences of global- and regional-scale changes will increase the vulnerability of coastal wetlands whic h are already heavily impacted by human activities.Analysis of sites in five coastal states indicate that many marshes and mangrove ecosystems receive adequate mineral sediments to produce enough organic sediment and root material to cover above sea level at the present rate of sea-level rise (1-2 mm per year globally). However, three of the twelve wetlands studied were not charge pace with the current rate of sea-level rise. If sea-level rise accelerates, some additional sites would also begin to slowly deteriorate and submerge.

The Internet and Rapidly Developing Technology :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The net pee and Rapidly Developing Technology The recent revolution of profit and dot com bonanza has brought more people beaten(prenominal) to computers and the Internet. It seems like that we offer hardly find our way through free-and-easy life with out using or having an mesh connected computer next to us. The way we think, live, and fade was changed once for all with the invention of networked communication of computers. Computers are no longer a piece of gondola that sits on top of our desk for us to admire the grand technology brought by the geeks and freaks of 80s, but for us to constantly use and put in to work. And in a way, environment which we live in, the society, schools, jobs, forces us to make friends with that technology. retributive like when you dont have a telephone you will have hard time communicate with come across with your friends, absence of instant messaging programs, or cleverness to use one, will place you out of the circle of events happening with the friends, or dont let you do the work as fast or as substantially as the one who uses the technology. This is one of the reasons why increasing number of people choose to have computers and mesh as a prime communication gibe not only between friends and for socialization, but for everyday life. People are increasingly conclusion impudent ways of getting things done not by the waiting at the other end of the phone line, but clicking the way through a plastered web pages, or typing their message on emails and messenger program. On-line part of the business of almost all industries, not only limited to the dot-com companies but other traditional businesses as well, has been increasingly finding it self positioning more valuable and growing in potential. We are all too familiar with the online shopping sites and class websites that we use almost everyday in a very handy way of getting things done. But where did this all came from? Just when did we bag using the internet the way we use it at once? Clearly, these sorts of questions can be answered in simple, concise way. The internet was born in 1969 as a division of research project of Department of Defense. Back then, the internet was known as ARPANET, a forerunner of the internet. Since the birth of the internet up to 1980s, Internet was used loosely by Universities and experts who knew their way around its complex systems and workings.The Internet and Rapidly Developing Technology Exploratory Essays Research PapersThe Internet and Rapidly Developing Technology The recent revolution of internet and dot-com boom has brought more people familiar to computers and the Internet. It seems like that we can hardly find our way through everyday life with out using or having an internet connected computer next to us. The way we think, live, and communicate was changed once for all with the invention of networked communication of computers. Computers are no longer a piece of machine that sits on top of our desk for us to admire the marvelous technology brought by the geeks and freaks of 80s, but for us to constantly use and put in to work. And in a way, environment which we live in, the society, schools, jobs, forces us to make friends with that technology. Just like when you dont have a telephone you will have hard time communicate with meeting with your friends, absence of instant messaging programs, or ability to use one, will place you out of the circle of events happening with the friends, or dont let you do the work as fast or as good as the one who uses the technology. This is one of the reasons why increasing number of people choose to have computers and internet as a prime communication tool not only between friends and for socialization, but for everyday life. People are increasingly finding new ways of getting things done not by the waiting at the other end of the phone line, but clicking the way through a certain web pages, or typing their message on emails and messeng er program. On-line part of the business of almost all industries, not only limited to the dot-com companies but other traditional businesses as well, has been increasingly finding it self positioning more valuable and growing in potential. We are all too familiar with the online shopping sites and class websites that we use almost everyday in a very handy way of getting things done. But where did this all came from? Just when did we start using the internet the way we use it today? Clearly, these sorts of questions can be answered in simple, concise way. The internet was born in 1969 as a segment of research project of Department of Defense. Back then, the internet was known as ARPANET, a forerunner of the internet. Since the birth of the internet up to 1980s, Internet was used mostly by Universities and experts who knew their way around its complex systems and workings.

Gender & Jim Crow: Book Review Essay -- essays research papers fc

In Glenda Elizabeth Gilmores book Gender & Jim Crow, Gilmore illustrates the relations amidst African Americans and white in northwest Caroline from 1896 to 1920, as well as relations between the men and women of the time. She looks at the influences each group had on the Progressive Era, both governmentally and socially. Gilmores arguments concern African American male political participation, middle-class New South men, and African American female political influences. The book follows a storey progression of African American progress and relapse. Gilmore argues that African American male political participation between 1890 and 1898 represented a movement toward greater inclusion. She claims that African American males in politics strove for the balance of power between political parties in North Carolina, and that the Populist-Republican victory in 1896 kept African American votes in contention and maintained some African American men in political speckle for a short period of time. There was an agreement between African Americans and whites that the Best Men, middle class African Americans, were to be the only African Americans to hold office. This was because by being dubbed the Best Men, they had met certain standards and were suitable for office according to the white politicians. The Best Men clashed with the Souths New White Man, who sought to re-monopolize voting rights and political power, as well as to tout ensemble dominate African Americans. Gilmore attributes the New White Mans goals to these mens bitterness towards their fathers who were blamed for the defeat in the Civil War, southern underdevelopment, and pitch-black progress. Nonetheless, African American men rapidly increased power in politics when many positions became publicly elected. Gilmore reasons that the progress of African American men in politics caused upwardly mobile and middle-class New South men, Southern Progressives, to formulate disenfranchisement and Jim Crow laws, and to later blame the deficient cracker for acting on their verbal violence. She likewise says that white supremacists reacted to white womens movement into public space, urbanization, industrialization, and African-American advancement, and responded to black power even as they capitalized on black impuissance (p 118). The Best Men were blamed for the supposed rapists and malingerers in the Afr... ...th Carolina.I agree with her arguments, and found a great deal of the information in this book surprising, and also disturbing. I did not know a lot of the history of race relation in North Carolina, which was different from the rest of the south since whites barely outnumbered African Americans at that time in North Carolina. Because of this legal segregation came late and was more intense since the African Americans were able to put up more of a fight. All of Gilmores evidence supports her arguments, and makes a lot of sense. She did enough research and knows enough about the Sou th that there is no reason any of the standpoints that she makes should be false.Glenda Gilmores book Gender & Jim Crow shows a different point of view from a majority of history of the south and proves many convictions that are not often stated. Her stance from the African American point of view shows how harsh relations were at this time, as well as how hard they tried for comeliness in society. Gilmores portrayal of the Progressive Era is very straightforward and precise, by placing educated African American women at the center of Southern political history, instead of merely in the background.

The Problem with Internet Addiction :: Internet Online Communication Essays

The Problem with lucre AddictionThe Internet is a social technology, but the effect it has on appear to pillowcase relationships can potentially be very detrimental. Like any activity, the Internet takes up a persons time the amount of time varies depending on the persons level of addiction. Often this time usage could be spent bettering face to face relationships. It is non uncommon for an Internet user to begin to replace their face to face relationships with those formed on the Internet. By doing this they often negatively affect their lives. The HomeNet Project, a study on the psychological effects done through Carnegie Mellon University, shows that Internet usage often leads to a decline in social groups (Kraut, Lundmark, Patterson, Kiesler, Mukopadhyay, Scherlis). Long hours spent on-line undercut our local social support network this isolation promotes psychological trouble (Stoll). The family is another group that is affected by the Internet. The HomeNet Project also sho ws that usage is related to declines in family interaction (Kraut). In a alliance that often tries to push our politicians to focus on family values and expects our phone commercials to incorporate relationships with friends, the Internet may be the opposition. If people are facial expression to improve their comparative bonds with those close to them, they should consider stepping away from the computer screen and spending time with their friends and family. Many reasons exist as to why the Internet negatively affects face to face relationships. The wasting of time is one the loss of social skills is another. Social skills are learned through experience and reactions to body language (Stoll). The internet can not provide either of these. Trust is often partly derived from a persons vulnerability. Without being tangiblely near a person, physical vulnerability is illogical and thus so is a great deal of trust (Dreyfus). The computer screen can sometimes act as a shield against th e physical vulnerability (Dreyfus). In that way the computer can become a safe haven to those seeking relationships without the hardships of face to face contact.A marriage instruction organization out of Britain called Relate has found that the Internet may be causing marriage problems and even break- ups (Frean). Husbands and wives complain of becoming Internet widowers or widows by and by being left to sit alone as a partner spends hours at the computer messaging strangers in chat rooms, downloading music and games, or looking at pornography (Frean).

The Problem with Internet Addiction :: Internet Online Communication Essays

The Problem with earnings AddictionThe Internet is a sociable technology, but the effect it has on subject to face relationships can potentially be very detrimental. Like any activity, the Internet takes up a soulfulnesss time the amount of time varies depending on the persons level of addiction. Often this time usage could be worn-out(a) bettering face to face relationships. It is not uncommon for an Internet user to begin to replace their face to face relationships with those formed on the Internet. By doing this they often negatively affect their lives. The HomeNet Project, a study on the psychological effects done through Carnegie Mellon University, shows that Internet usage often leads to a decline in social groups (Kraut, Lundmark, Patterson, Kiesler, Mukopadhyay, Scherlis). Long hours spent on-line undercut our local social support network this isolation promotes psychological trouble (Stoll). The family is another group that is affected by the Internet. The HomeNet Projec t as well as shows that usage is related to declines in family interaction (Kraut). In a society that often tries to push our politicians to focus on family values and expects our phone commercials to incorporate relationships with friends, the Internet may be the opposition. If people are looking to improve their relational bonds with those close to them, they should consider stepping away from the computer veil and spending time with their friends and family. many another(prenominal) reasons exist as to why the Internet negatively affects face to face relationships. The wasting of time is one the loss of social skills is another. Social skills are intentional through experience and reactions to body language (Stoll). The internet can not provide either of these. Trust is often partly derived from a persons vulnerability. Without being physically near a person, physical vulnerability is lost and thus so is a great deal of trust (Dreyfus). The computer screen can sometimes act a s a shield against the physical vulnerability (Dreyfus). In that way the computer can become a uninjured haven to those seeking relationships without the hardships of face to face contact.A marriage guidance organization out of Britain called Relate has found that the Internet may be causing marriage problems and even break- ups (Frean). Husbands and wives complain of becoming Internet widowers or widows after being left to sit alone as a partner spends hours at the computer messaging strangers in chat rooms, downloading music and games, or looking at pornography (Frean).

Counselor Confidentiality and Disclosure

The rede process consists primarily of self-disclosure and self-confrontation on the part of the invitee, facilitated by inter forgeion with the counselor. In say for counseling to take place, the client moldiness disclose personal material to the counselor, who in turn tries to understand the clients world in a context of what he or she knows about how plenty respond to life situations. Counselors ar aware of their influential stakes with respect to clients, and they avoid exploiting the trust and dependency of clients.Everyone has a primary obligation to honor the privacy of both current and former clients, whether living or deceased, and to maintain the mysticality of material that has been transmitted to them in any of their professed(prenominal) roles. Reasonable differences of opinion can and do exist among counselors with respect to the ways in which values, good principles, and ethical standards should be rank ordered when they conflict.Ethical decision confine in a given situation must apply the informed judgment of the mortal counselor and should in like manner consider how the issues would be judged in a peer review process where the ethical standards of the profession would be applied. This paper adopts the main thesis that the clients orphicity ranks number one in this ethical issue. By evolution an oath of confidentiality, ethical considerations are non relegated to a secondary status, after business matters nor are they noted as afterthoughts.Without a clear directive, ethical supervision of the actions chosen through the strategic planning process lack this input. Counseling Values Values are enduring. They motivate behavior. Judgments about right and wrong or good and bad are moral judgments based on values. In the course of human interactions, there are many situations in which it is difficult to cave in a decision because values come into conflict. Values must be clarified if moral decisions are to be reached.These values are easily seen during the counseling activity. While clients whitethorn reveal fundamental personal materials in their non-verbal behavior, the primary medium for counseling communication is verbal. Clients reveal their thoughts and feelings to a perceptive counselor by what they say, the affect with which they say it and by what they choose to obscure in their verbal material. The more fully self-disclosure takes place, the more fully the counselor can serve to economic aid the client discover new ways of coping.Ethical practice may be defined as providing a serve welling service, for which one has been appropriately trained, with care and careful effort, Unethical practice occurs under three conditions when the professional helper becomes involved with clients whose problems are beyond the scope of his or training when the helper exploits his or her position to collect fees or salary for incompetent service and when the helper fails to understand his or her obligation to res pect a clients rights to privacy and to bare choice. It is fundamental for counselors to provide competent counseling service to clients.It is this trust that allows the client to share his or her personal concerns in a way that goes beyond periodic conversation and which makes effective helping possible. As with all professions, it is a violation of trust to offer a service wherein one is incompetent to deliver or to exploit the public by offering less than the service one knows the children need. Some of the more practical solutions in maintaining confidentiality of the clients background by the counselor are the following I. ) Limiting Personal Information from Clients FilesRespecting a clients rights to privacy includes the maintenance of a confidential relationship within which the client is free to reveal authorised personal information as he or she is ready to do so. The client who hears his or her private thoughts revealed to an early(a) by his or her counselor has been b etrayed, unless the nature of the words suggests a credible threat to life or limb. A child or the parents who is manipulated by a counselor to reveal information he or she is not yet ready to reveal has also been the victim of an invasion of privacy.The discover between facilitative leading by the counselor and prying into personal matters can be a fine one, and the distinction is often in ground of measurelines and context. Respecting a clients right to choose freely is also troublesome to some counselors. If one begins with the assumption that rational persons will ultimately come at the same set of conclusions about a given problem or circumstance, it is easy to conclude that the client who does not arrive at an dissolve that the counselor values is thinking irrationally.At times that may be true, and the disagreement serves as evidence that help has not yet been carried to an appropriate termination. In other instances, the disagreement may signify that the client has valu es that differ from the counselors own set of values, and perhaps from those of the society at large. In much(prenominal) instances, the counselor can help the client to understand the logical consequences of the view he holds to be certain. In the case of information that is readily available, there must also be a limit to the information about the client that would be made available to counselors.There is a need to enforce an oath of confidentiality. At the Childrens Aid Society in Canada, there is not always a committee to decide on matters regarding ethical motive. Therefore, the middle ground approach must be taken. This involves the requirement that a counselor signs an oath of confidentiality. The organizations philosophy statement may not be specific enough to melt the day-to-day making processes. The use of a combined mission-philosophy statement can lead to this problem. Alternatively, a written oath of confidentiality could be very specific only when cover a limited sc ope of potential circumstances.Indeed, every profession consists of human beings or individuals with objectives or goals for the attainment of specific purposes. These purposes may either be personal, profit oriented, or imbued with some public interest. In the attainment of every professions objectives, certain standards are observed, to ensure that the individuals play fairly and act with honest and sound independent judgment. Standards are also observed to make sure that the people within a profession observe proper ethics in terms of behavior, both in doing their work and in dealing with other people, in the course of the performance of their commerce.However, despite the rigid standards, set by law or regulations of the organizations where these professions are practiced, certain unethical behaviors are shown by various counselors. In an article entitled Clergys Image Recovering since Scandals, published last December 4, 2003, a survey reveals that in 23 different professions , the nurses were stratified high or very high as to honesty and ethical standards. Doctors, veterinarians and pharmacists were next to the nurses, in said order, as the professionals who exemplified ethical behavior in the practice of profession.Those who were ranked lowest were the car salesmen, HMO managers insurance salesmen and advertising practitioners. The members of the clergy ranked higher than the previous years, but restrained behind policemen and engineers, though ahead of psychiatrists and bankers. What could be the reason behind the results of the surveys? It is the type of ethical or unethical behavior, which the professionals symbolise in their practice that leads to the results of the surveys (Denenberg, T. et al. ). Problem-solving processAs the conditions for therapy are established, a cooperative problem-solving process is shooted which results in more self-enhancing attitudes and behavior patterns and the educatement of the basic social competencies needed to build and maintain cooperative relationships (Johnson and Matross, 1977). Objectivity refers to ones ability to assess a situation based on its own merit and not based on personal biases or other influences external to the situation. Thinking and acting objectively pose challenges because preconceived notions influence a persons judgment.In addition, humans are more emotional than they are rational in acting upon any given situation. All the more, a balanced outlook of confidentiality needs to be through by the counselor. What is confidentiality? Confidentiality involves the protection of sensitive information given by one person to another. It is based upon mutual trust between the giver and receiver of information. protect information about a person is important because its disclosure can make that person vulnerable.Because of this sensitive responsibility on the part of counselors, they must make sure that sensitive data is not recklessly divulge unless the patient allows the disclosure or if there is a need that this data be revealed for the utility of the client (Code of Ethics). Accountability means being answerable to consequences of ones action or inaction. This is not limited to big responsibilities but a day-by-day occurrence that happens in day-to-day situations whenever one is given duties to perform. Counselors must take this view as they undertake counseling sessions, whether menial or complicated.These tasks are important components of a larger process. Counselors must take ownership of what they do and do not pass on to others this relevant but confidential information (Code of Ethics). authorisation in counseling situations Empowerment, as a counseling concept, is considered an important tool to make an individual or group adapt to social change. It involves the principles of interaction with people and their right to self-determination. Empowerment requires that helper identify an individuals strengths, share power and control with him, and motivate him to learn and to participate in a group.Both the counselor and the client must work together by allowing each other to contribute to the counseling process. Empowerment means acknowledging an individuals capacity to calculate his problems and to make decisions on his own. The counselors role is to help an individual identify his strengths that he can use to help himself and make him feel that he is in control. Counselors also need to be of their clients (Empowerment). Empowered individuals can stand and decide on their own even after the supervision of the counselor is done.Empowerment is literal because an individual draws his strength from within him, his uniqueness, his personal experiences, his values and beliefs. Counseling is not comparable to charity because of the concept of empowerment. Counseling does not only feed an individual but empowers him so that he may be able to feed himself. Purposes of Helping Most adult clients are self-referred, that is, the y arrive at the helpers office with the hope that they may somehow improve their lives through involving themselves in counseling.More often than not, they have tried to sort out why they do not feel satisfied with their lives, but they have found themselves unable to control those things that create distress for them. Schlossberg (1976) stated succinctly that the purpose of counseling with adults is to return to them the locus of control over their own lives. It is true, of course, that many clients arrive at the counselors office convinced that their lives will be improved only if significant others or specific sets of circumstances are changed.It is important to remember that it is the client himself or herself who must change if counseling is to succeed. External circumstances may indeed be difficult, but if they are to change, it is most often the client who is in the best position to engender those changes. The adult who does not like his or her job can decide how to improve it or how to seek a different job. The adult who is burdened with the care of an aging parent can seek help in bearing that burden. An adult who is angry at his or her children can learn to understand this anger and find more productive ways of accomplishing his or her goals with the children.A part of being in control involves not only being able to hold information in confidentiality but also in wise(p) what one wants and needs and being able to be satisfied with what one can reasonably attain. Being in control is being motivated by what is meaningful, not being driven toward undefined goals. Interactive Process Counseling with any individual will involve an interactive process based on certain fundamental principles of counseling. The content of counseling with adults will differ in certain respects from the content of counseling with children or adolescents.The adult client has more experience and typically is in a life position where there is greater pressure to assume respons ibility for decisions, actions and interpersonal behavior. He or she would also be more cautious about the information given out for fear of being judged. The interactive process with adults can be based on a genetic model of helping such as that of Egan (1975). His model for counseling includes three stages wherein the client is expected to begin with self-exploration, move to deeper levels of self- arrangement, and finally to develop a plan of action.Emphasis in the helping process will be related to the client issues identified and classified in the diagnostic process. A client who is experiencing a concern that is primarily situational will move fairly rapidly through Stages I and Stages II and will devote the majority of counseling time to considering the workability of various alternative ways of coping with the situation. Counseling is usually short term. The client whose coping skills are adequate for normal living may still experience stagnation in his or her development.In that instance, counseling will focus very heavily on Stage II, so that reachable new goals may be identified, and Stages I and III serve their usual functions of getting the problem defined and the development of strategies for implementing the new goals. Trust in a counseling surroundings Trust is not given but earned. In recognition of this, I strive to be worthy of other peoples trust by behaving in a proper manner and exhibiting good conduct at all times. I try to honor my commitments at all times and intermit from making promises that I cannot actually deliver.Trustworthiness is consistent with the principles of social work. One of the core values of social work is integrity. Integrity lies in the ethical and responsible conduct of a social worker in dealing with clients and in representing his organization to society. Counseling is a professional undertaking that requires discipline and a broad understanding of human relations and social dynamics. Counselors must be passion ate about helping others. Counselors find strength in the areas of problem solving and human relations. Precepts of the American Counseling Association (ACA)According to the American Counseling Association, counselors need to respect the right of the client to privacy. It is important that they do not indulge in unwarranted disclosures of confidential data. The Section B1 of this right to privacy states that the only exception is when there is danger posed in the life of the client such as information that confirms that a client has a communicable disease and thus, the information needs to be relayed to a third party, who because of his close relationship with the client, may be at risk of getting that disease. (ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice, American Counseling Association).